সোমবার, ৩১ অক্টোবর, ২০১১

The evolution of food recommendation iPhone apps (Appolicious)

I?m quite sure I?m only days away from Siri becoming sentient and filing a restraining order against me. It?s not that I need to use the app, but just that I find her rigid lady-computer voice soothing in a sea of digital nonsense. So when tasked with tapping a weather app or asking Siri if it?s cold, my choice is very easy.

But now I want more of my apps to recommend me things. They don?t necessarily have to be super chatty about it or snark on me. Just tell me what?s good so I can check it out.

Plenty of apps already do that, of course. Any numbers of restaurant apps like GrubHub (free) or lifestyle apps like Thrillist (free) have been doing it for a couple of years now.

But Alfred (free) takes its duties one step further. Alfred is an app that asks you what you already like and tells you, based on the information you offer, what else you might like. This is the sort of computer-provided help that I so deeply desire. Free will is for losers. Finally, I can lay out my plan simply to my new app pal: ?I enjoy the Mexican place down the street. Now tell me where else the tacos are good, and do it fast.? And it?s done.

Alfred even tells you what other people have enjoyed eating at the restaurant it just suggested, which is fantastic. It does all this thanks to some complicated math that TechCrunch did a good job explaining months ago.

But now the app has added a feature that helps you recommend food for two or more people. This sort of thing could prevent wars from breaking out! As long as you and your pal both have Alfred, you can see which restaurants the clever dining app would suggest if it?s clear you intend to dine together. This is so far past what other suggestion apps are up to it?s crazy.

Related: The next wave of food-finding apps

Take for instance an app like Chef Picks by StarChefs.com ($1.99). Sure, as cool as an app that gives you top-notch recommendations from the country?s finest chefs might be, you still don?t really know if that restaurant is really right for you. There?s no math involved at all, just the word of chefs with highly refined palettes.

Foodio54Foodio54 (free) comes a little closer to the Alfred ideal in that it offers you recommendations by finding users who have rated restaurants similarly to you and then telling you what they liked. There?s plenty to appreciate about that idea, and group-thinking when it comes to restaurant selection isn?t a bad way to go. But it still doesn?t hold a candle to opening an app, letting it know you?re eating with your buddy Dan and having it spit out some mutually appealing potential dining destinations.

The big caveat with using Siri early on has been that ?it?s just a beta? so you can?t really push it to the limits that it will one day (potentially) achieve. But in a way, that?s true for any app you?re using today.

Back when I first picked up an iPhone, an app that randomly recommended food based solely upon price point and cuisine seemed like the smartest thing in the world. A few years later I?m using an app that?s noting exactly the kind of food I already like to eat and expanding my horizons with very little effort on my part. That?s so huge.

Now if I could just find someone to do my clothes shopping and cooking, I?d really be going places.

Related iPhone App List: Top 5 Most Listed Foodie Apps

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/applecomputer/*http%3A//us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/external/appolicious_rss/rss_appolicious_tc/http___www_appolicious_com_articles10047_the_evolution_of_food_recommendation_iphone_apps/43438621/SIG=1313jg0gv/*http%3A//www.appolicious.com/tech/articles/10047-the-evolution-of-food-recommendation-iphone-apps

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রবিবার, ৩০ অক্টোবর, ২০১১

Faster-than-light test runs again

Scientists who announced that sub-atomic particles might be able to travel faster than light are to rerun their experiment in a different way.

This will address criticisms and allow the physicists to shore up their analysis as much as possible before submitting it for publication.

Dr Sergio Bertolucci said it was vital not to "fool around" given the staggering implications of the result.

So they are doing all they can to rule out more pedestrian explanations.

Physicists working on the Opera experiment announced the perplexing findings last month.

Neutrinos sent through the ground from Cern (the home of the Large Hadron Collider) in Geneva toward the Gran Sasso laboratory 732km away in Italy seemed to show up a tiny fraction of a second earlier than light would have.

Continue reading the main story

?Start Quote

It's like sending a series of loud and isolated clicks instead of a long blast on a horn?

End Quote Prof Matt Strassler Rutgers University

The speed of light is widely regarded as the Universe's ultimate velocity limit. Outlined first by James Clerk Maxwell and then by Albert Einstein in his theory of special relativity, much of modern physics relies on the idea that nothing can travel faster than light.

For many, the most comforting explanation is that some repeated "systematic error" has so far eluded the experimenters.

Since September, more than 80 scientific papers about the finding have been posted to the arXiv pre-print server. Most propose theoretical solutions for the observation; a few claim to find problems.

Dr Bertolucci, the director of research at Cern, told BBC News: "In the last few days we have started to send a different time structure of the beam to Gran Sasso.

"This will allow Opera to repeat the measurement, removing some of the possible systematics."

The neutrinos that emerge at Gran Sasso start off as a beam of proton particles at Cern. Through a series of complex interactions, neutrino particles are generated from this beam and stream through the Earth's crust to Italy.

Originally, Cern fired the protons in a long pulse lasting 10 microseconds (10 millionths of a second).

The neutrinos showed up 60 nanoseconds (60 billionths of a second) earlier than light would have over the same distance.

However, the time measurement is not direct; the researchers cannot know how long it took an individual neutrino to travel from Switzerland to Italy.

Instead, the measurement must be performed statistically: the scientists superimpose the neutrinos' "arrival times" on the protons' "departure times", over and over again and taking an average.

But some physicists say that any wrong assumptions made when relating these data sets could produce a misleading result.

This should be addressed by the new measurements, in which protons are sent in a series of short bursts - lasting just one or two nanoseconds, thousands of times shorter - with a large gap (roughly 500 nanoseconds) in between each burst.

This system, says Dr Bertolucci, is more efficient: "For every neutrino event at Gran Sasso, you can connect it unambiguously with the batch of protons at Cern," he explained.

Clicking in

Physicist Matt Strassler, who raised concerns about the original methods, welcomed the new experimental design.

Writing on his blog, Prof Strassler, from Rutgers University in New Jersey, said: "It's like sending a series of loud and isolated clicks instead of a long blast on a horn; in the latter case you have to figure out exactly when the horn starts and stops, but in the former you just hear each click and then it's already over."

The re-jigged neutrino run will end in November, when Cern has to switch from accelerating protons to accelerating lead ions. Opera scientists hope to include these measurements in the manuscript they will submit for publication in a scientific journal.

One of the main challenges to the collaboration's work comes from Nobel laureate Sheldon Glashow and his Boston University colleague Andrew Cohen.

In a recent paper, the physicists argue that if neutrinos can travel faster than the speed of light, they would rapidly lose energy, depleting the beam of more energetic particles. This phenomenon was not seen by the Opera experiment.

Cross checks

Dr Bertolucci called this study "elegant", but added: "An experimentalist has to prove that a measurement is either right or wrong. If you interpret every new measurement with older theories, you will never get a new theory.

"More than a century ago, Michelson and Morley measured the speed of light in the direction Earth was moving and in the opposite direction. They found the speed was equal in both directions."

This result helped to spur the development of the radical new theory of special relativity.

"If they had interpreted it using classical, Newtonian theory they would never have published," said Dr Bertolucci.

Next year, teams working on two other Gran Sasso experiments - Borexino and Icarus - will begin independent cross-checks of Opera's results.

The US Minos experiment and Japan's T2K experiment will also test the observations. It is likely to be several months before they report back.

Paul.Rincon-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/int/news/-/news/science-environment-15471118

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St Paul's to reopen, but protest standoff goes on (AP)

LONDON ? The senior St. Paul's Cathedral priest who welcomed anti-capitalist demonstrators to camp outside the London landmark resigned Thursday, saying he feared moves to evict the protesters could end in violence.

Other senior clergy and politicians urged the campers to leave peacefully, as the cathedral announced it would reopen to the public Friday after a weeklong closure triggered by the demonstrators' tents.

"In the name of God and mammon, go," London Mayor Boris Johnson said, using a Biblical turn of phrase to evoke the conflict between the spiritual and the material.

Resigning Canon Chancellor Giles Fraser said on Twitter that he had handed in his notice "with great regret and sadness."

He told The Guardian newspaper that he had quit because he believed cathedral officials had "set on a course of action that could mean there will be violence in the name of the church."

"I cannot support using violence to ask people to clear off the land," said Fraser, adding that he would have preferred to have "negotiated down the size of the camp" with the protesters.

Fraser's departure reveals divisions among cathedral clergy over how to handle the protest on their doorstep. Dean of St. Paul's Graeme Knowles said he was sorry to see Fraser go and regretted that he "is not able to continue to his work ... during these challenging days."

Several hundred protesters have been camped outside the building since Oct. 15. When police tried to move them the next day, Fraser said the demonstrators were welcome to stay and asked police officers to move instead.

He later issued a statement stressing that "the Christian gospel is profoundly committed to the needs of the poor and the dispossessed. Financial justice is a gospel imperative."

Days later, cathedral officials shut the building to the public, saying the campsite was a health and safety hazard. It was the first time the 300-year-old church, one of London's best-known buildings, had closed since World War II.

On Thursday, the cathedral said it would reopen after changes to the layout of the protesters' tents.

In a statement, St. Paul's said the church would open to worshippers and visitors with a special midday Eucharist service on Friday ? though the soaring dome and galleries will stay shut for now amid concerns about how long it would take to evacuate them.

Rev. Michael Colclough, Canon Pastor of St. Paul's, said Friday's service would "be remembering all those involved in the events of the past week and praying for a peaceful outcome."

The protesters say they plan to stay put, but senior church officials and politicians repeated calls Thursday for them to go. Bishop of London Richard Chartres promised to take up the demonstrators' cause if they left.

Writing in the Evening Standard newspaper, he asked them to "pack up your tents voluntarily and let us make you heard."

Similar camps have sprung up across the U.S. and around the world since activists took over a plaza near New York's Wall Street last month to protest corporate greed and social inequality. Many have withered or been dismantled, sometimes by force.

The cathedral and the protest tent city lie within London's traditional financial center, which is called the City.

The local governing authority, the City of London Corporation, says it is taking legal advice on the best way to evict the protesters ? but that could be a long process, complicated by the tangled ownership of the medieval patch of London on which the cathedral stands.

The cathedral has said it is considering all its options in response to the protest ? including legal action.

The protesters say they will fight eviction and have hired high-profile lawyer John Cooper, who has said he will defend the group for free.

In a statement, the Occupy London protesters called Fraser a "man of great personal integrity."

The protesters said Fraser had "ensured that St. Paul's could be a sanctuary for us and that no violence could take place against peaceful protesters with a legitimate cause challenging and tackling social and economic injustice in London, the U.K. and beyond."

Fraser, 46, a high-profile and liberal Anglican clergyman, was appointed chancellor of the cathedral in 2009. The role involves overseeing the work of the St. Paul's Institute, which "seeks to bring Christian ethics to bear on our understanding of finance and economics."

Fraser, a former Vicar of Putney in south London whose father came from a prominent London Jewish family, is well known through his newspaper and magazine columns and frequent appearances on BBC radio.

He has criticized the effects of the government's austerity measures.

"Should the church get stuck into the mucky world of politics? How ridiculous, of course it should," he wrote in the Guardian in June, going on to quote the late Brazilian bishop Helder Camara: "When I give to the poor, they call me a saint. When I ask why they are poor, they call me a communist."

___

Robert Barr contributed to this report. Jill Lawless can be reached at: http://twitter.com/JillLawless

___

Online:

St. Paul's Cathedral: http://www.stpauls.co.uk/

Occupy London: http://occupylondon.org.uk/

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/stocks/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111027/ap_on_bi_ge/eu_britain_wall_street_protests

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শনিবার, ২৯ অক্টোবর, ২০১১

Dr. Phil McGraw, Author, Psychologist And Host Of 'Dr. Phil', On Life After 50

Dr. Phil McGraw needs little introduction. He's the famed TV psychologist who enters our living rooms every afternoon with real advice. He's a certified mental health professional; host of the 21-time Emmy-nominated daytime talk show "Dr. Phil"; winner of five PRISM awards; and author of six New York Times bestsellers.

The Huff/Post50 team caught up with Dr. Phil, who is currently filming an all-new season of "Ask Oprah's All Stars", which answers viewers' questions about health, wealth and mental well-being.

"Ask Oprah's All Stars" airs Fridays at 10 p.m. ET/PT on OWN, featuring Dr. Phil alongside Dr. Oz and Suze Orman. (Also, there's a surprising update for season one's 52-year-old virgin.) Check your local listings for the "Dr. Phil" show, currently in its tenth season.

What's the one thing you know now that you wish you knew when you were growing up?
There's an old saying that "Youth is wasted on the young," and that is definitely true! I would have loved to have had insight into the value of taking care of myself and being true to what is really important. I was very much a workaholic and I missed a lot of the joy of adolescence and even later. When our first son Jay was born, it all changed for me and I was no longer working just to "keep score" but to be able to provide for my family. I worked less, but smarter and spent time with the people who really mattered.

Now that you're over 50, what's the one rule you feel you can break with impunity?
Life is short, and not to be a downer, but I am WAY past half way. So, I have given myself license to pretty much say and do what I really think and feel so long as it is not at another's expense. I figure if I live to be around 85 I only have about 240 months!! I will not spend it worrying about what I am "supposed" to do.

What is the riskiest thing you've done in your life since you've turned 50?
Ha! Well, at 50 I bailed on an incredibly successful career as a litigation consultant, "loaded up the truck and moved to Bev-er-ly! Hills that is!" I uprooted my family from their schools, jobs, friends, everything and launched a television show. They didn't tell me until I got out here that not 1 in 50 succeeded! That was probably a good thing because I still would have done it, but just with a lot more worry.

What ignites your creativity?
The desire to have an impact and make a difference. I always look for a better way to tell our stories and a more powerful way to convey our messages. We deliver down-to-earth, usable, common sense information to people's homes every day. That is a good thing and I want to do it better every time I walk on the stage.

What social or political cause are you most passionate about?
Disadvantaged children. Having grown up poor, I am moved to help children with limited opportunity to have a chance to shine. That is the core of the mission statement for the Dr. Phil Foundation.

What is the best advice anyone ever gave you?
My dad told me that when I am in a difficult situation I should spend 5 percent of my time deciding whether or not it is fair and 95 percent of my time deciding what I am going to do about it. That advice actually saved my life one cold winter night about 40 years ago.

What is your biggest regret?
Not being able to find the technology or professionals to extend my father's life. He worked like a dog all of his life and then died within a year of finally retiring. I would have loved to have been able to help him enjoy some years of quality relaxation and involvement with the family. He missed so much and could have perhaps closed an important gap.

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/28/dr-phil-mcgraw-on-life-after-50_n_1064754.html

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Occupy protesters rally around wounded Iraq vet (AP)

OAKLAND, Calif. ? Veering around police barricades, anti-Wall Street protesters held a late-night march through Oakland streets, a day after one of their number ? an Iraq War veteran ? was left in critical condition with a fractured skull following a clash with police.

The show of force in Oakland along with SWAT arrests in Atlanta have sent chills among some anti-Wall Street demonstrators, and protesters elsewhere rallied in support around the injured veteran, Scott Olsen.

Another showdown between police and protesters in Oakland appeared to be averted late Wednesday night as several hundred filed out of a plaza declared off-limits for overnight use and marched through nearby streets.

An AP photographer on the scene said police erected barricades to prevent the marchers from reaching a freeway, sending the group down side streets en masse.

Small contingents of officers could be seen following behind but there were no signs of any confrontations or arrests. The march tapered off after about an hour, with most of the protesters apparently dispersing.

At least one tent was back up Thursday morning, along with a handful of people. Police two days earlier cleared the plaza, which had grown to dozens of tents and raised health and safety concerns among city officials.

Olsen was marching with Oakland demonstrators Tuesday when he suffered a cracked skull in the chaos between officers and protesters. The 24-year-old Marine remained in critical condition, said a spokesman for Highland Hospital in Oakland.

It was not clear exactly what type of object hit the veteran or who might have thrown it, though the group Iraq Veterans Against the War said officers lobbed it.

Police Chief Howard Jordan said at a news conference that the events leading up to Olsen's injury would be investigated as vigorously as a fatal police shooting.

"It's unfortunate it happened. I wish that it didn't happen. Our goal, obviously, isn't to cause injury to anyone," the chief said.

In a show of solidarity with their West Coast counterparts, several hundred members of Occupy Wall Street marched past the padlocked gates surrounding New York's City Hall Wednesday night chanting "March with Oakland." While numerous police officers stood watch, the marchers circled City Hall and then broke up into smaller groups as they returned to Zuccotti Park. Police said early Thursday morning that about 10 people had been arrested.

While demonstrators in other cities have built a working relationship with police and city leaders, they wondered on Wednesday how long the good spirit would last and whether they could be next.

Will they have to face riot gear-clad officers and tear gas that their counterparts in Oakland faced Tuesday? Or will they be handcuffed and hauled away in the middle of the night like protesters in Atlanta?

"Yes, we're afraid. Is this the night they're going to sneak in?" said activist William Buster of Occupy Wall Street, where the movement began last month to protest what they see as corporate greed.

"Is this the night they might use unreasonable force?" he asked.

The message from officials in cities where other encampments have sprung up was simple: We'll keep working with you. Just respect your neighbors and keep the camps clean and safe.

Business owners and residents have complained in recent weeks about assaults, drunken fights and sanitation problems. Officials are trying to balance their rights and uphold the law while honoring protesters' free speech rights.

Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said Wednesday that the Occupy LA encampment outside City Hall "cannot continue indefinitely."

Villaraigosa told the Los Angeles Times that he respects the protesters right to peacefully assemble and express their views, but they must respect city laws and regulations.

San Francisco police have already cleared two encampments. Most recently, police estimated at least five protesters were arrested and several others injured in a clash Tuesday evening.

Some cities, such as Providence, R.I., are moving ahead with plans to evict activists. But from Tampa, Fla., to Boston, police and city leaders say they will continue to try to work with protesters to address problems in the camps.

In Oakland, officials initially supported the protests, with Mayor Jean Quan saying that sometimes "democracy is messy."

But tensions reached a boiling point after a sexual assault, a severe beating and a fire were reported and paramedics were denied access to the camp, according to city officials. They also cited concerns about rats, fire hazards and public urination.

Demonstrators disputed the city's claims, saying that volunteers collect garbage and recycling every six hours, that water is boiled before being used to wash dishes and that rats have long infested the park.

When riot gear-clad police moved in early Tuesday, they were pelted with rocks, bottles and utensils from people in the camp's kitchen area. They emptied the camp near city hall of people, and barricaded the plaza.

Protesters were taken away in plastic handcuffs, most of them arrested on suspicion of illegal lodging.

Demonstrators returned later in the day to march and retake the plaza. They were met by police officers in riot gear. Several small skirmishes broke out and officers cleared the area by firing tear gas.

The scene repeated itself several times just a few blocks away in front of the plaza.

Tensions would build as protesters edged ever closer to the police line and reach a breaking point with a demonstrator hurling a bottle or rock, prompting police to respond with another round of gas.

The chemical haze hung in the air for hours, new blasts clouding the air before the previous fog could dissipate.

The number of protesters diminished with each round of tear gas. Police estimated that there were roughly 1,000 demonstrators at the first clash following the march. About 100 were arrested.

On Wednesday, Oakland officials allowed protesters back into the plaza but said people would be prohibiting from spending the night, potentially bringing another clash with police.

About 1,000 people quickly filled the area, but later many of them filed out and began their march.

In Atlanta, police in riot gear and SWAT teams arrested 53 people in Woodruff Park, many of whom had camped out there for weeks as part of a widespread movement that is protesting the wealth disparity between the rich and everyone else.

Mayor Kasim Reed had been supportive of the protests, twice issuing an executive order allowing them to remain.

Reed said on Wednesday that he had no choice to arrest them because he believed things were headed in a direction that was no longer peaceful. He cited a man seen walking the park with an AK-47 assault rifle.

"There were some who wanted to continue along the peaceful lines, and some who thought that their path should be more radical," Reed said. "As mayor, I couldn't wait for them to finish that debate."

Reed said authorities could not determine whether the rifle was loaded, and were unable to get additional information.

An Associated Press reporter talked to the man with the gun earlier Tuesday.

He wouldn't give his name ? identifying himself only as "Porch," an out-of-work accountant who doesn't agree with the protesters' views ? but said that he was there, armed, because he wanted to protect the rights of people to protest.

In Portland, Ore., the protest seems to be at a crossroads. Organizers have been dealing with public drunkenness, fighting and drug abuse for weeks, especially among the homeless who are also in the camp.

Some are floating the idea of relocating it, possibly indoors. Others see that as capitulation.

"I don't know if it would be a good idea. Part of the effectiveness of what's going on here is visibility," protester Justin Neff said. "Though I'd do it if there's a possibility that we'd get seen and noticed. I don't know how that would work indoors."

City officials haven't said what would cause them to forcibly evict the protesters. They said they evaluate the camp daily.

In Baltimore, protesters like Casey McKeel, a member of Occupy Baltimore's legal committee, said he wasn't sure aren't sure what to expect from city officials, noting that some cities have arrested protesters in recent weeks.

"Across the country we're seeing a wide range of reactions," he said. "For now we're hoping the city will work with us."

Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake said she is willing to work with them, but they should realize that they are camping out in a city park and that was not its intended use.

"I have absolutely no interest in a violent exchange," she said. "It's not about pitching a tent. It's about getting the work done."

___

Contributing to this report were Associated Press writers Marcus Wohlsen and AP photographer Marcio Sanchez Oakland; Nigel Duara in Portland, Ore.; Sarah Brumfield in Baltimore, Md.; Verena Dobnik and Samantha Gross in New York; Harry R. Weber, Errin Haines and Jeff Martin in Atlanta; Erica Niedowski in Providence, R.I.; Michael J. Crumb in Des Moines, Iowa; Ben Nuckols in Washington; and Jay Lindsay in Boston.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/iraq/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111027/ap_on_re_us/us_wall_street_protests

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বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৭ অক্টোবর, ২০১১

How woodpeckers avoid head injury

This slow-motion footage reveals the woodpecker's head-banging antics in detail

Slow-motion footage, X-ray images and computer simulations have shed light on how woodpeckers avoid injuries to their brains as they peck.

Their heads move some 6m per second, at each peck enduring a deceleration more than 1,000 times the force of gravity.

But researchers reporting in Plos One say that unequal upper and lower beak lengths and spongy, plate-like bone structure protect the birds' brains.

The findings could help design more effective head protection for humans.

For years, scientists have examined the anatomy of woodpeckers' skulls to find out how they pull off their powerful pecking without causing themselves harm.

The birds have little "sub-dural space" between their brains and their skulls, so the brain does not have room to bump around as it does in humans. Also, their brains are longer top-to-bottom than front-to-back, meaning the force against the skull is spread over a larger brain area.

A highly-developed bone called the hyoid - which in humans is just above the "Adam's apple" - has also been studied: starting at the underside of the birds' beaks, it makes a full loop through their nostrils, under and around the back of their skulls, over the top and meeting again before the forehead.

Head-banging study

However, Ming Zhang of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a co-author of the new work, said that he and his colleagues wanted to get to the bottom of the problem numerically.

"We thought that most of the previous studies were limited to the qualitative answer to this question," he told BBC News.

"More quantitative studies are necessary to answer this interesting problem, which would aid in applying the bio-mechanism to human protective device design and even to some industry design."

First, the team had a look at woodpeckers in a controlled environment: two slow-motion cameras captured images of the birds striking a force sensor that measured their pecking power.

They found that the birds slightly turn their heads as they peck, which influences how forces are transmitted.

The team also gathered computed tomography and scanning electron microscope analyses of woodpecker skulls, laying out in detail how the parts fit together and where bone density varied.

With those data in hand, they were able to use a computer simulation to calculate the forces throughout the birds' skulls in the process of pecking.

The team's simulations showed that three factors were at work in sparing the birds injury.

Firstly, the hyoid bone's looping structure around the whole skull was found to act as a "safety belt", especially after the initial impact.

The team also found that the upper and lower halves of the birds' beaks were uneven, and as force was transmitted from the tip of the beak into the bone, this asymmetry lowered the load that made it as far as the brain.

Lastly, plate-like bones with a "spongy" structure at different points in the skull helped distribute the incoming force, thereby protecting the brain.

The team stresses that it is the combination of the three, rather than any one feature, that keeps woodpeckers pecking without injury.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/int/news/-/news/science-environment-15458633

the perfect storm

Researchers complete mollusk evolutionary tree

Wednesday, October 26, 2011

Mollusks have been around for so long (at least 500 million years), are so prevalent on land and in water (from backyard gardens to the deep ocean), and are so valuable to people (clam chowder, oysters on the half shell) that one might assume scientists had learned everything about them.

"Here's this big, diverse group of animals, and we don't know how they were related to each other," said Casey Dunn, an evolutionary biologist at Brown University who specializes in building evolutionary trees. Some branches were well known, Dunn said, "but what we really lacked was a breadth of sampling."

In a paper in Nature, researchers from Brown and collaborating institutions have pieced together the most comprehensive phylogeny -- evolutionary tree -- for mollusks. To perform that feat, the team collected hard-to-find specimens through a global sampling effort, including a group of organisms thought until recently to be extinct for millions of years. The team then sequenced thousands of genes from the specimens and matched them up through intensive computational analyses involving the supercomputer at Brown, which the University installed in 2009.

The result: The mollusk phylogeny is now "resolved at a broad scale," said Dunn, assistant professor of biology in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the paper's corresponding author.

The study is noteworthy also because it is the first to place Monoplacophora, the mysterious group of deep-ocean animals that superficially resemble limpets. Scientists had thought the group was extinct until a specimen was caught in 1952 off the coast of Mexico. An expedition in 2007 led by Nerida Wilson, now at the Australian Museum and an author on the current paper, secured a few monoplacophorans off the coast of California. The team extracted the genetic material -- in a one-time-only attempt performed by then-Brown undergraduate Caitlin Feehery -- to obtain the genetic signatures needed to determine how monoplacophorans fit into the mollusk family tree.

The result was surprising: monoplacophorans are a sister clade to cephalopods, which encompasses octopuses, squid, and nautiluses. "Cephalopods are so different from all other mollusks, it was very difficult to understand what they are related to. They don't fit in with the rest," Dunn said. "Now, we have a situation where two of the most enigmatic groups within the mollusks turn out to be sister groups."

In an interesting twist, paleontologists had described the monoplacophoran-cephalopod relationship in the 1970s, resting their claim on evidence that the oldest cephalopods and fossilized monoplacophorans each had chambered shells. Modern-day monoplacophorans still carry shells but no longer have chambers. "When we came in with this genome-level data, we ended up resurrecting this old hypothesis from paleontology," Dunn said. The results from the genetic analysis show the paleontologists were right.

By establishing the close evolutionary relationship between monoplacophorans and cephalopods, the researchers say they have squarely answered the question of a single origin for shelled mollusks. That ancestor species is not known, but the group is confident that monoplacophorans and cephalopods share more in common, evolutionary speaking, with shelled mollusks than with the non-shelled groups aplacophora and polyplacophora.

"What we found is these worm-like mollusks (aplacophora) and chitons (polyplacophora) are more closely related to each other, and they diverged prior to the origin of the shell," Dunn said. "They are mollusks, but they formed this group that split off before shells came along."

In all, the team collected specimens for 15 species. Researchers at Brown and Harvard University sequenced hundreds of thousands of gene sequences and compared those genetic sequences with what is known about the genetic makeup of other species throughout the mollusk tree.

"We are trying to understand how these species are related, their evolutionary relationships. We do this by analyzing the conserved parts of their genomes and constructing an evolutionary tree," said Stephen Smith, a postdoctoral researcher at Brown and the paper's first author, who designed the genetic computational analysis.

###

Brown University: http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau

Thanks to Brown University for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/114652/Researchers_complete_mollusk_evolutionary_tree

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Dr. Abraham Froman: Wicker Park Mustache March Calls To "Occupy The Upper Lip"

"Occupy the upper lip! Occupy the upper lip!"

One day prior to the charitable 'Stache Bash 2011, those chants will be heard in the lip sweater-rich confines of Chicago's Wicker Park neighborhood. Staff members of the American Mustache Institute, members of Chicago music act The Flavor Savers, and Mustached Americans will march to promote greater professional opportunities for people of Mustached American heritage across Chicago.

The protest march will take place from 6-7 p.m. at the corner of Milwaukee and North Avenues in Wicker Park on Thursday, October 27. It occurs as Mustached Americans from across the U.S. and Delaware descend upon Chicago for the American Mustache Institute's 'Stache Bash 2011 on Oct. 28 at Joe's Bar, a charitable benefit kicking off the Movember moustache growing campaign raising funds and awareness for The Prostate Cancer Foundation and LiveStrong.

"It's an atrocity that just two of the 25 highest paid CEOs are Mustached Americans and it's time our voices were heard and mustaches fully savored," said Kissimmee, Fla.-firefighter Brian Sheets, the reigning Robert Goulet Memorial Mustached American of the Year. "What better place to do it than Wicker Park, where Mustached American hipsters run wild in their scarves and skinny jeans?"

Chicago was recently named "America's Most Mustache-Friendly City" by the American Mustache Institute. And despite that, employment rates for Mustached Americans in white-collar professions still lags behind clean-shaven workers by 38 percent. The number nearly doubles to a 69 percent deficit when the Mustached American suffers from dwarfism.

"Yes we are winning battles, but the war is not nearly over," AMI chairman Dr. Aaron Perlut and Rodney BelAire of The Flavor Savers sang in unison while riding a Brown Line train Monday. "We welcome Mustached Americans and sufferers of Bare Upper Lip Disorder (BULD) alike to demonstrate with us in Wicker Park and set a militant yet sexy tenor for 'Stache Bash Friday night."

?

Follow Dr. Abraham Froman on Twitter: www.twitter.com/DrAbeFroman

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-abraham-froman/stache-bash-2011_b_1029272.html

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Tension boils over in the ballroom on 'Dancing'

In this Oct. 17, 2011 photo, soccer player Hope Solo, left, and her partner Maksim Chmerkovskiy perform in the celebrity dance competition series "Dancing with the Stars," in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/ABC, Adam Taylor)

In this Oct. 17, 2011 photo, soccer player Hope Solo, left, and her partner Maksim Chmerkovskiy perform in the celebrity dance competition series "Dancing with the Stars," in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/ABC, Adam Taylor)

In this Oct. 17, 2011 photo, soccer player Hope Solo, right, and her partner Maksim Chmerkovskiy perform in the celebrity dance competition series "Dancing with the Stars," in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/ABC, Adam Taylor)

In this Oct. 17, 2011 photo, activist Chaz Bono, right, and his partner Lacey Schwimmer perform in the celebrity dance competition series "Dancing with the Stars," in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/ABC, Adam Taylor)

In this Oct. 17, 2011 photo, TV personality Rob Kardashian and his partner Cheryl Burke perform in the celebrity dance competition series "Dancing with the Stars," in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/ABC, Adam Taylor)

In this Oct. 17, 2011 photo, actor David Arquette, right, and his partner Kym Johnson perform in the celebrity dance competition series "Dancing with the Stars," in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/ABC, Adam Taylor)

(AP) ? The latest episode of "Dancing With the Stars" included insults, an animal comparison and two nearly perfect performances.

A heated exchange between professional dancer Maksim Chmerkovskiy and head judge Len Goodman stole the spotlight from first-place finishers Ricki Lake and J.R. Martinez.

Chmerkovskiy and his partner, soccer star Hope Solo, landed near the bottom of the judges' leaderboard Monday. With 20 points out of 30, they finished just ahead of Chaz Bono, in last place with 19 points.

One of the seven remaining celebrities will be dismissed during Tuesday's episode. Judges' scores combined with viewer votes determine who is kicked off the hit ABC show each week.

When Goodman called Solo's rumba "your worst dance of the whole season," Chmerkovskiy suggested the judge get out of the dance business.

Chmerkovskiy told one of the show's hosts that the judges seem to pick on certain contestants, and he kept up the conversation after Monday's live episode.

"The judges have their favorites," he said. "They always have."

Bono's professional partner, Lacey Schwimmer, agreed.

"They always have their favorites, and this season it's completely clear who they are. I won't name names, but we are not one of them," she said. "I'm actually proud of what Maks said. A lot of us don't get the chance to stand up for us and our partners."

Schwimmer cried backstage during Monday's episode and was still upset after the show, when she complained about the judges' "rude" remarks about Bono.

"Every week he gets referred to as an animal," she said. "They always comment on his personality, and last I checked, this was a dancing show."

After the couple danced their tango, judge Bruno Tonioli said Bono was like "a cute little penguin trying to be a big menacing bird of prey." Tonioli has also compared Bono to an Ewok.

Mom Cher tweeted her support before and after Bono's performance.

Bono said after the show that he "came on here to show people a strong proud transgender man, and I'm not going to let the judges get me down."

David Arquette, who finished in third place with his "Grease"-themed routine, said tensions are running high as the competition heats up.

"It's just a high-pressure part of the season," he said after Monday's episode. "Everybody's really passionate about it, so it's not a surprise people get fired up."

He earned 23 points for a quickstep that "had the exuberance and charge of a frisky teenager on spring break," Tonioli said.

Nancy Grace came in second with her best score yet: 24 points for a foxtrot that one judge called "a show-stopper."

Lake and Martinez tied with the top score of 29 points.

Rob Kardashian ? who had sisters Kim and Khloe and their basketball husbands among his cheering section ? finished in fourth place with 22 points for a cha-cha Tonioli described as "adequate, but it didn't have the impact and power it should at this stage."

The seven couples also danced a group routine to a medley of Broadway songs. Broadway star Kristin Chenoweth performed a medley of her own, singing a pair of show tunes.

Chenoweth is set to return on Tuesday's episode, when a sixth celebrity is ousted. Carson Kressley, Chynna Phillips, Kristin Cavallari, Elisabetta Canalis and Ron Artest/Metta World Peace have already been eliminated this season.

___

Online:

http://abc.go.com/shows/dancing-with-the-stars

___

AP Entertainment Writer Sandy Cohen can be reached at www.Twitter.com/APSandy.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2011-10-25-TV-Dancing%20With%20the%20Stars/id-681fda61542a4cd8a26292309ddf8dda

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Watch ESPN2 Live Streaming Online TV | Baseball Tonight: From Arlington, Texas ? LIVE 12am ET USA October 23, 2011

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Rick Perry's flat tax plan is a political gamble (AP)

WASHINGTON ? Texas Gov. Rick Perry's call for a flat income tax rate will tie his Republican presidential campaign to a contentious issue that excites many conservatives but has repeatedly failed to win the embrace of mainstream America.

Perry, struggling to get his campaign back on track, will unveil "a blockbuster" plan designed to simplify the federal tax code and lower the rate that many people pay on income and investments, said Steve Forbes, a longtime flat-tax advocate who is advising the campaign.

"People's mouths will water" when they see the details, said Forbes, a wealthy businessman who sought the GOP presidential nomination in 1996 and 2000.

Liberal groups quickly criticized Perry's idea, saying it would raise taxes on lower- and middle-income Americans while giving breaks to the wealthiest.

Perry campaign aides offered no details of the plan Thursday. They acknowledged, however, that Forbes is a key adviser for the plan, which Perry will unfold next week.

The flat tax has an uneasy history in U.S. politics. Numerous Republicans and some Democrats hail its simplicity. But they have never managed to win enough support to enact it.

While many variations exist, the main idea is to replace the current stair-step range of income tax rates with one rate, paid by everyone. Advocates typically call for eliminating some or all of the existing tax deductions, such as those allowed for mortgage interest payments, gifts to charity and some medical costs.

Forbes said in a phone interview Thursday that he expects Perry to propose "a clean sweep" of such deductions.

"I think the public receptivity has grown enormously," Forbes said of the flat tax. The current tax code "has gotten even junkier, and the economy is obviously not doing well, so people are in the mood for something drastic," he said.

Forbes said Perry's plan will differ from Herman Cain's so-called 9-9-9 plan because it will not call for a national sales tax. Cain, whose presidential bid has prospered lately, wants a 9 percent flat tax on personal and corporate income, as well as a 9 percent national sales tax.

Perry said this week his plan will be "flatter and fairer" than Cain's.

Criticisms of a flat tax focus on its full or partial elimination of the progressive nature of the current tax code. In a progressive system, higher earners pay higher tax rates on their income.

Under a pure flat tax, with no exemptions or deductions, someone who earns $200,000 a year would pay exactly 10 times the amount of tax paid by someone who earns $20,000 a year. All income would be subject to one flat rate.

Under a progressive system, even if there were no exemptions or deductions to help poorer people, the $200,000 earner would pay more than 10 times the amount of tax paid by the $20,000 earner. That's because he pays higher rates on the upper portions of his income.

Supporters of progressive income tax systems say the feature is important to social fairness because other taxes tend to be regressive. For instance, a 5 percent state sales tax hits lower-income people proportionately harder than high earners because they must spend a larger portion of their income on necessities. That leaves them less able to save, invest or otherwise protect their income from the sales tax.

Payroll taxes, gasoline levies and other taxes also tend to be regressive because they essentially are flat.

A flat income tax "is inherently a shift of taxes off the wealthy and onto the middle class," said Michael Ettlinger of the Democratic-leaning Center for American Progress. When prominent politicians propose a flat tax, "there's often an initial episode of popularity," he said. "But then people understand the shift from the wealthy to the middle class," and support wanes, he said.

Forbes proposed a 17 percent flat rate in his presidential campaigns, which gained modest traction. He finished fourth in the 1996 Iowa caucus and New Hampshire primary. In 2000 he finished second in Iowa, 11 percentage points behind George W. Bush. He finished a distant third in New Hampshire.

It's not clear what tax rate Perry will propose. Forbes said Thursday that some amount of lower income will be exempt for everyone, and some breaks will be given to parents of young children.

Such features will make Perry's plan less regressive than a pure flat tax system. But the impact probably will be slight, said Chuck Marr, federal tax policy director for the liberal Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

"If it's revenue-neutral, a flat tax imposes a large increase on middle-class people, and a tax decrease for wealthy people," Marr said.

Perry touts his record of cutting taxes, and Republican strategists expect his proposal to be revenue-neutral, or better, in the sense that the tax burden on Americans would stay level or fall if all other conditions remained unchanged. Forbes said Perry's plan would generate greater revenue only because it would spur economic growth and investment, a frequent claim of tax-cut advocates.

Perry's tax gambit may force a more definitive response from former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, his chief rival for the GOP nomination. Romney has given mixed signals over the years about a flat tax system, sometimes praising it in concept but criticizing details offered by politicians.

In 1996, Romney bought a $50,000 newspaper ad in Boston saying Forbes' flat tax would primarily benefit the rich. He called it "a bad idea for the Republican Party."

Campaigning Thursday in Iowa, Romney said a flat income tax has "positive features" but it should not be allowed to "raise taxes on middle-income Americans."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/business/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111021/ap_on_bi_ge/us_perry_flat_tax

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AP-GfK Poll: 37 percent of public back protests (AP)

WASHINGTON ? Most Americans say politics makes them angry. But that doesn't mean there is wide support for the Wall Street protests against the nation's power brokers.

The latest Associated Press-GfK poll shows that 37 percent of people do back the protests that have spread from New York to cities across the country. It's one of the first snapshots of how the public views the "Occupy Wall Street" movement.

But more Americans ? 58 percent ? say they are furious about the country's politics than did in January, when 49 percent said they felt that way.

Nearly nine in 10 say they are frustrated with politics and nearly the same say they are disappointed.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/stocks/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111021/ap_on_bi_ge/us_ap_poll_wall_street_protests

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Few Americans take immigrants' jobs in Alabama

Titus Howard of Birmingham, Ala., pulls plastic from fields as he tries his hand at field work in Steele, Ala., Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. Howard took on the job after migrant workers fled the area because of the stiff new Alabama immigration law, leaving many farmers without enough help to harvest their crops. (AP Photo/Dave Martin)

Titus Howard of Birmingham, Ala., pulls plastic from fields as he tries his hand at field work in Steele, Ala., Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. Howard took on the job after migrant workers fled the area because of the stiff new Alabama immigration law, leaving many farmers without enough help to harvest their crops. (AP Photo/Dave Martin)

Migrant worker Fellipe Chacoa of Mexico talks about his desire to continue to harvest produce during a meeting of farmers and state officials to discuss the impact of the Alabama Immigration law on their livelihoods in Oneonta, Ala., Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. Chacoa said he had picked tomatoes for 26 years and that the new immigration law was scaring Hispanic workers into leaving the state to find work elsewhere. (AP Photo/Dave Martin)

Titus Howard of Birmingham, Ala., pulls plastic from fields as he tries his hand at field work in Steele, Ala., Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. Howard took on the job on a produce farm after migrant workers fled the area because of the stiff new Alabama immigration law, leaving many farmers without enough help to harvest their crops. (AP Photo/Dave Martin)

Produce farmers and brokers listen during a meeting of farmers and state officials to discuss the impact of the Alabama Immigration law on their livelihoods in Oneonta, Ala., Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. From left: Jonathan Clayton, Henry Clayton, Kevin Watkins and Wade Whited. (AP Photo/Dave Martin)

Produce farmers listen during a meeting of farmers and state officials to discuss the impact of the Alabama Immigration law on their livelihoods in Oneonta, Ala., Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. (AP Photo/Dave Martin)

(AP) ? Potato farmer Keith Smith saw most of his immigrant workers leave after Alabama's tough immigration law took effect, so he hired Americans. It hasn't worked out: Most show up late, work slower than seasoned farm hands and are ready to call it a day after lunch or by midafternoon. Some quit after a single day.

In Alabama and other parts of the country, farmers must look beyond the nation's borders for labor because many Americans simply don't want the backbreaking, low-paying jobs immigrants are willing to take. Politicians who support the law say over time more unemployed Americans will fill these jobs. They insist it's too early to consider the law a failure, yet numbers from the governor's office show only nominal interest.

"I've had people calling me wanting to work," Smith said. "I haven't turned any of them down, but they're not any good. It's hard work, they just don't work like the Hispanics with experience."

Alabama passed its law in June and it was immediately challenged by the Obama administration as it has been in other states. Unlike those states' measures, Alabama's law was left largely in place while challenges played out in court, frightening Hispanics and driving many of them away.

The agriculture industry suffered the most immediate impact. Farmers said they will have to downsize or let crops die on the vine. As the season's harvest winds down, many are worried about next year.

In south Georgia, Connie Horner has heard just about every reason unemployed Americans don't want to work on her blueberry farm. It's hot, the hours are long, the pay isn't enough and it's just plain hard.

"You can't find legal workers," Horner said. "Basically they last a day or two, literally."

Horner, who runs an 8?-acre organic blueberry farm, said she tried to use the government's visa program to hire foreign workers, but it was too costly and time consuming.

She plans to stop growing organically and start using a machine to pick the berries.

"I did everything I possibly could to be legal and honest and not part of the problem," Horner said. "Morally, I can't knowingly hire illegal workers."

Gov. Robert Bentley, a Republican who signed the law, started a program last week to help businesses, particularly farmers, make up for the lost labor. So far, about 260 people interested in temporary agricultural jobs have signed up. About three dozen job openings have been posted, said Tara Hutchison, a spokeswoman for the Alabama Department of Industrial Relations. She said the department doesn't know of anyone who has been hired.

Sen. Scott Beason, a Republican, said he has received several emails and phone calls from people thanking him for helping them get jobs. He described one getting promoted from a part-time job with no benefits to a full-time job with benefits because some other immigrant workers left. He said none of the workers who thanked him have wanted to talk to the media.

"They are paranoid of publicity. They are like, 'I don't want to get shredded up like y'all are.' ... I really can't blame them," he said.

Over the past two weeks, The Associated Press has reached out to the governor's office and other officials to provide the names of Alabama residents who have taken immigrant jobs. Either they were not made available, or didn't want to speak publicly.

Brent Martin, an Alabama resident, started working on a tomato farm in an area northeast of Birmingham after the law was passed. On Thursday, he and two other Americans were clearing about 24,000 tomato stakes off a 4-acre plot. He said few Americans who would stick with it.

"There are plenty who could do it, but would they? I don't know about that. I don't see why they wouldn't as bad as the economy is right now," Martin said.

Relatively high unemployment rates ? about 9 percent in the U.S. and 9.9 in Alabama ? are not likely to push Americans toward farm work, said Demetrios Papademetriou, president and co-founder of the Migration Policy Institute. He suggested the problem may be more deeply rooted.

"This is a sector and an industry ... that a long time ago, going back to the 1940s and probably before that was abandoned," Papademetriou said. "It was abandoned to foreign workers."

Stan Eury, executive director of the North Carolina Growers Association, said location matters, too.

"Agriculture jobs are primarily in remote, rural areas. We see higher numbers of unemployed people in the big cities," he said.

Tomato farmer Wayne Smith said he has never been able to keep a staff of American workers in his 25 years of farming.

"People in Alabama are not going to do this," said Smith, who grows about 75 acres of tomatoes in the northeast part of the state. "They'd work one day and then just wouldn't show up again."

At his farm, field workers get $2 for every 25-pound box of tomatoes they fill. Skilled pickers can make anywhere from $200 to $300 a day, he said.

Unskilled workers make much less.

A crew of four Hispanics can earn about $150 each by picking 250-300 boxes of tomatoes in a day, said Jerry Spencer, of Grow Alabama, which purchases and sells locally owned produce. A crew of 25 Americans recently picked 200 boxes ? giving them each $24 for the day.

It may make sense for some to sit on the couch. Unemployment benefits provide up to $265 a week while a minimum wage job, at $7.25 an hour for 40 hours, brings in $290.

Spencer said the Americans he has linked up with farmers are not physically fit and do not work fast enough.

"It's the harshest work you can imagine doing," Spencer said.

___

Caldwell reported from Washington. Phillip Rawls in Montgomery also contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2011-10-20-Alabama%20Immigration%20Law/id-bc155c50e707403591be19a018e7ba81

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Google Defaults to Encrypted HTTPS Searches for Logged In Users [Security]

Google Defaults to Encrypted HTTPS Searches for Logged In UsersGoogle will start redirecting searches through a secured, encrypted HTTPS connection for logged in users, starting today. (If it's not happening to you right away, it likely will in the next week or so.) You've been able to manually point your browser toward https://google.com for quite some time now, but the move is intended to keep your browsing behavior more secure by default. (Looks like https://google.com just redirects now, so you have to go to https://encrypted.google.com/.) For more foundation, check out our explainer on why you should care about HTTPS on the web.

Making search more secure | Official Google Blog

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/A5muMqMuLbA/google-defaulting-to-encrypted-https-searches-for-logged-in-users

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